Indigo und die vierzig Räuber (Indigo and the Forty Thieves) was Johann Strauss' very first operetta which was first staged in 1871 at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna, Austria. Later he used melodies from this operetta in the Indigo-Marsch (Indigo March), opus 349. This march was first performed on 9 April 1871 at a concert in the Musikverein in Vienna conducted by Strauss' brother Eduard.