'Souvenir de Porto Rico', Op. 31, is written by Louis Moreau Gottschalk in1857 during a tour in Puerto Rico and published in Mainz circa 1860 with the subtitle of 'Marche de Gibaros'. It's based on the Christmas folk song 'Si me dan pasteles, denmelos calientes', performed by local peasants known as Jíbaros. The piece makes use of Latin-American and Afro-American melodies and rhythms almost fifty years before early ragtime and jazz would popularize its use.